ABSTRACT
Objective@#To investigate the mechanism of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) inducing tolerogenic dendritic cells(DCs) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).@*Methods@#The DCs were divided into four groups: Control group (DC), VEGF group (VEGF added into DC), Co-culture group (DC co-cultured with SCC7) and Anti-VEGF group (anti-VEGF antibody added into DC co-cultured with SCC7). Flow cytometry (FCM) was used to detect DC surface markers. To detect the effect of DC on proliferation activity of T lymphocyte, the experiment included five groups: Nc group (T lymphocyte), Control group (T lymphocyte added into DC), VEGF group (T lymphocyte + DC + VEGF), Co-culture group (T lymphocyte + DC + supernatant of SCC7) and Anti-VEGF group (T lymphocyte + DC + supernatant of SCC7 + anti-VEGF antibody). Subsequently, the mixed lymphocyte reaction(MLR) was conducted. The expression levels of indole-2, 3-doxygenase(IDO)and programmed cell death 1 ligand 1(PD-L1)in DC were detected by western blot, real time PCR and FCM respectively. For the cytotoxic lymphocyte (CTL) assay, SCC7 cells and CTLs were mixed and CTL-mediated SCC7 cells cytotoxicity was tested. The experiment included four groups: Control group (T lymphocyte + DC), IDO inhibition group (T lymphocyte + DC + IDO inhibitor), Anti-PD-L1 antibody group (T lymphocyte + DC + anti-PD-L1 antibody) and Combination group (T lymphocyte + DC + IDO inhibitor + anti-PD-L1 antibody). The SCC7 tumor-bearing mice treated with IDO inhibitor and the anti-PD-L1 antibody were sacrificed and the tumor inhibition rate and the spleen index were determined. @*Results@#Compared with Control group, exogenous VEGF or SCC7 co-culture inhibited the relative number of DC expressing CD11C, CD80, CD86, CD40 and MHC Ⅱ. The positive DCs were increased in the Anti-VEGF group compared with VEGF or Co-culture group. In VEGF or Co-culture group, the number of T cells stimulated by SCC7-pulsed DCs was decreased compared with Control group. However, the ability of Anti-VEGF group to induce T cell proliferation was significantly increased compared with VEGF or Co-culture group. Significantly increased expression of IDO and PD-L1 were observed in VEGF and Co-culture group. However, this was partially reversed by addition of anti-VEGF antibody into the co-culture system. Compared with Control group, the expressions of CD11C and CD86 in DC in both the IDO inhibition group and Anti-PD-L1 antibody group were increased, and were significantly higher in the Combination group compared with the single drug groups. The similar results were exhibited in MLR and CTL assay. In vivo, the results revealed that the tumors obtained from the mice in three experimental groups were smaller than those in the control group. Furthermore, the tumor volume of the Combination group was the smallest. The spleen index of each group was calculated and the results showed the spleen index of the three experimental groups was significantly higher than that of Control group.@*Conclusion@#VEGF in OSCC micro-environment inhibits the maturation and function of DC that are transformed into tolerogenic DC by high expression of IDO and PD-L1.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To observe any effect of aerobic exercise on lipid deposition in the liver and monoacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 (MGAT1) signaling in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).Methods:Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a 45% diet fat for 6 weeks, after which they were confirmed to have NAFLD. The rats were then randomly divided into an exercise group, a sedentary group and a diet adjustment group. The exercise and sedentary groups remained on the high-fat diet, but the exercise group underwent 8 weeks of aerobic exercise, while the diet adjustment group returned to a normal diet without any exercise. After the intervention, lipid accumulation in liver tissues was detected by hematoxylin-eosin staining and hepatic steatosis indices were calculated. Liver MGAT1 and the expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) protein were detected using western blotting.Results:Liver steatosis indices in the exercise and the diet adjustment groups had decreased significantly after the eight weeks. The expression of MGAT1 protein had decreased significantly in the exercise group and the expression of PPARγ protein had increased significantly. Compared with the sedentary group, no significant changes were observed in the expression of MGAT1 protein in the livers of the diet adjustment group, though their average PPARγ protein expression had increased significantly. Compared with the diet adjustment group, the average liver steatosis index had increased significantly in the exercise group, but the expression of MGAT1 protein had decreased significantly.Conclusions:Aerobic exercise can significantly improve liver lipid deposition in NAFLD, at least in rats. The mechanism may be related to inhibition of the MGAT1 signal pathway. Aerobic exercise may be a rehabilitation intervention for NAFLD patients.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the status and the relationship of social support, depression, personality and sleep quality in patients with malignant bone tumors and their relationship, and provide scientific basis for postoperative rehabilitation and nursing.Methods:186 patients with malignant bone tumors undergoing chemotherapy in orthopedics department of the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from January 2017 to December 2019 were selected to complete the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS), the Optimism-Pessimism Scale (OPS), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The demographic differences of various variables were compared and the correlation among social support, personality, sleep quality and depression in patients with malignant bone tumors were tested. Then, by structural equation model, the mediating role of personality and sleep quality between social support and depression was analyzed.Results:The incidence of depression in patients with malignant bone tumors was 57.6%(107/186), and the incidence of severe depression was 14.7%(27/186). Depression in patients with malignant bone tumors was negatively correlated with scores of social support and pessimism (all P<0.01), and positively correlated with scores of optimism and sleep quality (all P<0.05); Family support, pessimism, sleep quality and daytime dysfunction can effectively predict depression in patients with malignant bone tumors (all P≤0.05); Structural equation model analysis showed that personality and sleep quality play a chain mediating role between social support and depression. Conclusions:The incidence of depression is higher in patients with malignant bone tumors. Family support, pessimism, sleep quality and daytime dysfunction are predictors of depression in patients with malignant bone tumors. Personality and sleep quality play a chain mediating role in the influence of social support on depression.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To explore the prognostic value of preoperative platelet parameters in locally advanced renal cell carcinoma for the risk stratification of such patients.@*METHODS@#Clinical data of patients with locally advanced renal cell carcinoma in the Third Hospital of Peking University from January 2015 to December 2017 were collected. The patients were divided into progression group and progression-free group according to follow-up data, and preoperative platelet parameters and clinical data between the two groups were compared. The optimal cut-off value of platelet parameters was determined by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and analyzed by Kaplan-Meier survival curve. Cox proportional hazards model was used to analyze the independent risk factors of PFS. Time dependent ROC curve, net reclassification index (NRI), and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) were used to evaluate the improvement of SSIGN model by incorporating platelet parameters.@*RESULTS@#Of the 215 patients, 192 (89.3%) were followed up for a median of 36 months. Sixty-four patients (29.8%) had disease progression during the follow-up, and the median PFS was 46 months. In progression group, the platelet count (PLT) was higher [(250.72 ± 88.59)×109/L vs. (227.27 ± 66.94)×109/L, P=0.042] and the platelet distribution width (PDW) was lower [(12.01 ± 2.27)% vs. (13.31 ± 2.74)%, P = 0.001] than that of progression-free groups. 285×109 /L and 12.65% as the best cut-off values of PLT and PDW, the median PFS of PLT≤285×109 /L group was significantly longer than that of PLT>285×109 /L group (53 months vs. 41 months, P=0.033), and the median PFS of PDW>12.65% group was also significantly longer than that of PDW≤12.65% group (56 months vs. 41 months, P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that preoperative PDW (HR=0.735, P < 0.001), nuclear grade Ⅲ to Ⅳ (HR=2.425, P=0.001) and sarcomatoid differentiation (HR=3.101, P=0.008) were independent risk factors for PFS. The area under the curve of PDW combined with SSIGN model was larger than that with the original SSIGN model [0.748 (95%CI: 0.662－0.833) vs. 0.678 (95%CI: 0.583－0.773), P=0.193], NRI was 0.262 (P=0.04), and IDI was 0.085 (P=0.01), indicating that the predictive ability of PDW combined with SSIGN model was improved.@*CONCLUSION@#Preoperative high PLT and low PDW are associated with adverse prognosis of locally advanced renal cell carcinoma, and PDW is an independent risk factor. Therefore, preoperative PDW could serve as biomarker for risk stratification of locally advanced renal cell carcinoma.
Subject(s)
Humans , Carcinoma, Renal Cell/surgery , Kidney Neoplasms/surgery , Platelet Count , Prognosis , ROC Curve , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Objective:To compare the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on the abdominal visceral fat of obese women.Methods:Sixty-eight obese female college students were randomly divided into an HIIT group ( n=23), an MICT group ( n=22) and a control group ( n=23). The control group was not given any training intervention. The MICT group performed continuous exercise at an intensity of 60% of each person′s maximum oxygen uptake (VO 2max) until 300kJ of work had been performed. Those in the HIIT group performed repeated 4-minute bouts of cycling at 90% of their VO 2max with 3-minute intervals until 300kJ of work had been performed. The interventions lasted 12 weeks. The subjects′ visceral fat (AVFA) and abdominal subcutaneous fat (ASFA) were measured using computed tomography. Whole-body fat mass (FM) and FM in the android, gynoid and trunk regions were detected using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry before and 48 hours after the final session. Results:After the intervention, the average AVFA, ASFA, percentage of fat mass (FM%), whole-body FM, and FM in the abdominal, gluteo-femoral and trunk regions of the HIIT group and MICT group were significantly lower than before the intervention, but there was no significant difference between them. No significant differences were observed in any of the control group′s indexes.Conclusions:Both HIIT and MICT can reduce the abdominal visceral fat of obese female college students, and the effects of the two exercise modes are equivalent.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the optimal time of monitoring minimal residual disease (MRD) for predicting survival and prognosis in children with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) after treated by CCLG-ALL2008 chemotherapy.@*METHODS@#96 children with T-ALL receiving CCLG-ALL2008 chemotherapy treated in our hospital from January 2015 to January 2020 were retrospectively summarized. The follow-up time was 9.0-65.0 months, with a median of 43.5 months. Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to detect the overall event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) of the patients. The clinical data, MRD levels after 15 d, 33 d and 90 d chemotherapy between EFS group and relapse group, as well as OS group and death group were compared by using univariate analysis. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to screen the main risk factors affecting EFS and OS of the patients. The patients were divided into low, moderate and high-risk according to the MRD level after 15 d, 33 d and 90 d, the differences of EFS and OS between each groups were compared again.@*RESULTS@#By the end of follow-up, 50 patients recurred and other 46 patients non-recurred; 40 patients died and 56 patients survived, the EFS was (49.5±6.3)% and OS was (61.5±5.9)%. Univariate analysis showed that the initial WBC count in EFS group (n=46) was significantly lower than that in relapse group (n=50), and MRD levels after 33 d and 90 d were significantly less also (P0.05), however for 90 d, EFS and OS of the patients in high-risk group were significantly lower than those in medium-risk group, and those in medium-risk group were lower than those in low-risk group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The MRD level after 90 days CCLG-ALL2008 chemotherapy may be the best time to predict the survival and prognosis in T-ALL children.
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Disease-Free Survival , Neoplasm, Residual , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma , Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , T-LymphocytesABSTRACT
High heterogeneity of bone and soft tissue sarcomas limits the development of molecular-targeted therapy but in turn provides an important clue to inner genomic and regulomic diversityof driver pathways that define molecular subtypes associated with patient outcome. The importance of malignant biological behaviorshave been re-emphasized, since tumor arises from the collaborative interplay of oncogenic events acquired the tissue-specifying gene expression programs to survive cancer cells and benefit multi-step tumorigenesis and neoplastic progression. Differ from most epithelial carcinomas that harbor clinically operative mutation sites, sarcomas are characterizedpredominantly by chromosomal alterations and copy-number changes, with low mutation loads. Sarcoma-specific fusion proteins produced by chromosomal translocations are common significant transcription factors, driving tumor cells exhibit an absolute dependence on "transcription addiction". It has been confirmed that cyclin-dependent kinase-7 (CDK7) plays a key role in transcriptional regulation such as cell growth and proliferation, invasion and metastasis. The dysregulated transcriptional regulation acquired during tumor development strictly depends on the essential regulation of CDK7. Targeted inhibition of CDK7 is an effective strategy to suppress tumors, especially those with specific genomic backgrounds (oncogene or fusion-gene driven) which are highly sensitive to CDK7 intervention. Emerging studies have shown that CDK7 is closely related to the malignant behaviors of bone and soft tissue sarcomas, and is expected to become a potential target for the treatment of sarcoma.
ABSTRACT
Objective To study and to analyze the risk factors of developing secondary hepatolithiasis,and the long-term complications of operations for patients with choledocholithiasis (ERCP or Choledocholithotomy).Methods Patients with choledocholithiasis (n =23 764) from the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University treated from January 2012 to December 2016 were studied.The experimental group was the group of choledocholithiasis patients who developed secondary hepatolithiasis.The control group was the group of patients who were randomly selected from the choledocholithiasis patients who did not develop secondary hepatolithiasis.Univariate analysis was performed on the clinical data of the two groups of patients,and multivariate Logistic regression analysis was performed on selected risk factors to finally obtain independent risk factors.Results Univariate analysis found patients in the experimental group was significantly different from patients in the control group in the following clinical data (all P ＜ 0.05):a history of cholecystectomy,biliary stricture,dilated common bile duct (diameter ≥ 15 mm),stone size (≥ 10 mm),increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (≥ 1.29 mmol/L),and increase in postoperative direct bilirubin (≥ 13.68 μmol/L).Multivariate analysis showed that a history of cholecystectomy,biliary stricture,dilated common bile duct,elevated high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,and elevated postoperative direct bilirubin were independent risk factors (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Secondary hepatolithiasis after operations for choledocholithiasis was the result of multiple risk factors.Five independent risk factors as main pathogenic factors were identified in this study.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To evaluate the therapeutic effects of various airway humidification methods to prevent pulmonary infection in non-mechanical ventilation patients by network meta-analysis.@*Methods@#The Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, Wanfang data, and CNKI databases were searched and a randomized controlled trial (RCT) was developed for the method of humidification in non-mechanical ventilation patients after domestic air-surgery. The staff independently screened the literature, extracted the data, and used the stata14.0 software for network meta-analysis.@*Results@#In the 3 342 articles, 25 of them were included in the Meta-analysis, involving 6 methods of airway humidification. The order of effectiveness: first place in artificial nose, second in venturi humidification device, third in continuous atomization, Intermittent atomization ranked fourth, continued to drop into the fifth place, intermittently dropped into the sixth position of humidification.@*Conclusion@#The effectiveness of artificial nose device and venturi humidification device has been gradually recognized by domestic counterparts. Meta analysis shows that it is effective in preventing lung infection and worth promoting.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate and compare the safety and efficacy of neuroendoscopic minimally invasive surgery and craniotomy for supratentorial hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage. Methods: From June 2016 to April 2018, 85 patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage treated in Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China were recruited. The time from onset to operation was 3-36 h, averaging 14 ± 7 h. All cases were supratentorial cerebral hemorrhage including 42 cases of basal ganglia cerebral hemorrhage, 28 cases of thalamic hemorrhage and 15 cases of cortical hemorrhage. 44 cases of hemorrhage were on the left side and 41 cases on the right side;38 cases of hemorrhage ruptured into ventricle. The blood loss ranged 32-82 ml, with an average of 52 ± 11 ml. Preoperative Glasgow coma scale(GCS) scores ranged from 6 to 12 points, with an average of 8. 2 ± 1. 5 points. According to different treatment methods, 85 patients were divided into two groups;the craniotomy group(n =51) and the endoscopic treatment group(n = 34). Baseline data, operation condition and related complications were recorded and compared between the two groups. The prognosis of the two groups was evaluated three months after the operation. The Glasgow prognostic scale score 4-5 was defined as favorable prognosis, and score 1-3 as unfavorable prognosis. Results: (1) There were no statistically significant differences in male gender, history of hypertension, age, preoperative GCS score, blood loss and bleeding site between the two groups(all P>0. 05). (2) The clearance rate of hematoma in the endoscopic treatment group was higher than that in the craniotomy group ([86. 7 ±2. 2] % vs. [70. 4 ±7. 2] %, t =9. 135), and the operation duration was shorter than that in the craniotomy group([72 ±6] mins vs. [149 ±21] mins, t = -20. 340). All the differences were statistically significant (all P 0.05). (3) The favorable prognosis rate in the endoscopic treatment group was higher than that in the craniotomy group with statistically significant difference (82. 4% [28/34] vs. 60. 8% [31/51] X2 =4.470, P=0.034). Conclusion: For the treatment of supratentorial spontaneous cerebral hemorrhage, hematoma removal by neuroendoscopic minimally invasive surgery is an alternative surgical method compared with craniotomy in terms of safety and efficacy.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE： To establish a method for the determination of adefovir （PMEA） and study the pharmacokinetics of metabolites PMEA in rats after intragastric administration of PMEA derivatives [PMEA prodrug， adefovir-ursodeoxycholic acid-3-propyl ester， L-leucine-3-propyl ester （PMEA-1c）] in rats. METHODS： HPLC-MS/MS method was adopted. The determination was performed on BEH C18 column with mobile phase consisted of 0.1％ formic acid acetonitrile-0.1％ formic acid water （gradient elution） at the flow rate of 0.25 mL/min. The column temperature was 30 ℃， and sample size was 1 μL. The quantitative ions were PMEA m/z 274.1→162.1， puerarin （internal standard） m/z 417.1→267.1. 12 rats were randomly divided into adefovir dipivoxil （ADV） group （positive control， 90 mg/kg） and PMEA-1c group （160 mg/kg）， with 6 rats in each group. They were given relevant medicine once intragstrically， and the blood samples were collected from tail vein 0.083， 0.25， 0.5， 0.75， 1， 2， 4， 6， 8， 10， 12， 24 h after administration to determine the plasma concentration of PMEA. Relevant pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by using DAS 2.0 software. RESULTS： The linear range of PMEA was 6.1-440.0 ng/mL （r＝0.998 5）. RSDs of intra and inter day of precision and stability tests were all less than 10％ （n＝3， 5， 6）， and the accuracy was 82.16％-97.33％ （RSD≤6.4％， n＝5）. Matrix effects ranged from 95.96％-106.35％ （RSD≤4.9％， n＝5）. The pharmacokinetic parameters of PMEA in ADV group and PMEA-1c group were as follows as t1/2 were （1.762±0.117） and （2.548±0.174） h； AUC0-24 h were （2 170.059±146.091） and （4 704.257±176.792） μg·h/L； cmax were （613.092±9.504） and （697.295±15.275） μg/L， respectively. Compared with ADV group， t1/2， AUC0-24 h， AUC0-∞ and cmax of rats in PMEA-1c group were increased significantly （P＜0.01 or P＜0.001）. CONCLUSIONS： Established method is accurate and reliable. The trial indicates that PMEA-1c metabolism is single compartment model， show that can be used as a potential prodrug for adefovir， which lay a foundation for the further study of adefovir prodrug.
ABSTRACT
In order to search for new adefovir analogues as anti-HBV agents with enhanced antiviral activity and hepatotrophic property,adefovir bis L-amino acid ester was used as lead compound to produce ten adefovir mono L-(thio)amino acid ester, mono bile acid ester derivatives(6a-6j). The design based on bile acid prodrug strategy,which can improve drug oral bioavaliability and liver-targeted enrichment by using enterohepatic circula-tion of bile acid.Sub-structure combination method was adopted to introduce L-(thio)amino acid ester and bile acid ester fragments on the phosphonate functionality of adefovir. The structures of target compounds were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR,ESI-MS and ESI-HRMS.HepG 2.2.15 cell were used for in vitro anti-HBV activity assessment.Compound 6c with high antiviral activity(EC500.92μmol/L,SI 512.63)was further investi-gated for its tissue distribution in mice.The results showed that content of compound 6c in liver was higher than that of adefovir dipivoxil,and in contrast its content in kidney was lower than that in positive control at all time points(0.25-12 h).Compound 6c exhibits higher antiviral activity,selective index and higher liver distribution,making it a potential anti HBV agent for further investigation.
ABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the registration of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB)among students in Hunan Province,understand the epidemiological characteristics,provide evidence for improving tuberculosis control strate-gy in schools in Hunan Province.Methods Registration rate and epidemiological characteristics of students with tu-berculosis in Hunan Province were analyzed through data registered in China Tuberculosis Information Management System between 2012 and 2017.Results From 2012 to 2017,7 940 students with PTB were found in Hunan Prov-ince,the registered incidence was 13.23/1 00 000,2 203 cases were smear positive for PTB,registered incidence was 3.67/1 00 000.Registered incidence of active PTB students in 2012－2017 was significantly different (χ2＝80.079,P＜0.001);registered incidence of smear positive PTB students in 2012－2017 was significantly different (χ2＝112.213,P＜0.001).The number of registered PTB students in the second quarter was the largest (32.2%), mainly male (60.8%)and students aged 15－19 years (61.8%).There was a significant difference in the registra-tion of PTB students in different cities from 2012 to 2017 (χ2＝320.432,P＜0.001).The top three regions of the total number of registrations were Changsha,Xiangxi and Hengyang.From 2012 to 2017,the registered PTB students were mainly referral (38.8%),99.8% of the patients received anti-tuberculosis treatment,diagnosis and treatment were mainly for smear-negative,non-severe,non-drug-resistant,and newly treated patients,accounting for 67.9%,95.2%,99.5%,and 99.3% respectively.Conclusion It is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of tuberculosis in schools,screen tuberculosis among freshmen in high schools and universities,publicize tu-berculosis knowledge,and improve awareness of tuberculosis prevention and control in schools.
ABSTRACT
Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of acupoint thread embedding plus thunder-fire moxibustion in treating hyperlipidemia due to spleen-kidney yang deficiency. Method Sixty patients with hyperlipidemia due to spleen-kidney yang deficiency were randomized into a treatment group and a control group, 30 cases each. The treatment group was intervened by acupoint thread embedding plus thunder-fire moxibustion, while the control group was intervened by oral administration of Atorvastatin calcium tablets. After 8-week treatment, changes in the serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome score were observed in the two groups, and the clinical efficacies were compared. Result The blood lipids indexes (TC, TG, HDL-C and LDL-C) and TCM syndrome score were significantly changed after the treatment in both groups (P<0.05). After the treatment, the blood lipids indexes and TCM syndrome score of the treatment group were insignificantly different from those of the control group (P>0.05). The total effective rate was 90.0％ in improving the blood lipids in the treatment group, versus 93.3％ in the control group, and the between-group difference was statistically insignificant (P>0.05). The total effective rate was 83.3％ in improving the TCM syndrome score in the treatment group versus 63.3％ in the control group, and the between-group difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Acupoint thread embedding plus thunder-fire moxibustion is an effective method in treating hyperlipidemia due to spleen-kidney yang deficiency.
ABSTRACT
Silicon carbide (SiC) film and silicon dioxide (SiO ) film were deposited on the surface of carbon/carbon composite (C/C) by low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD). The biocompatibility of the three carbon-based composites, e. g. C/C, C/C-SiC, C/C-SiO were investigated by cytotoxicity test, cell direct contact and cell adhesion experiments. Cytotoxicity, cell direct contact and cell adhesion showed that the three materials had no toxic effect on mouse fibroblasts (L929 cells). However, the particles dropped off from the three materials had a great impact on evaluation accuracy of the thiazolyl blue (MTT) test. More the particles were lost, more growth inhibition to L929 cells. The evaluation accuracy of MTT method can be kept with the filtered extract of materials. Furthermore, the results of surface particles shedding experiment showed that the amount of surface particles shed from C/C-SiO was the most, followed by C/C and C/C-SiC in 72 hours. Particles shedding curves showed there was a peak reached at eighth hour and then declined to the thirty-sixth hour. The filtrate analysis showed that there was no ion exchange between the three materials and simulated body fluid (SBF) solution. The results of this study on biocompatibility of carbon-based composites have certain guiding significance for their future application in clinical filed.
ABSTRACT
@#A, UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS and UPLC-MS/MS were used to investigate the derivative of adefovir mixed phosphonate Q3-I2. Stability and in vitro metabolites of Q3-I2, and the control drug adefovir dipivoxil were co-inculbated with artificial gastric juice, artificial intestinal juice, rat blank plasma and rat liver microsomes, using UPLC-MS/MS and UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS measure the residual concentration of the compounds in each incubation system and the metabolites in the liver microsomal system, respectively, and calculate the half-life and clearance rate by the substrate elimination method. The compounds designed and synthesized in this experiment are stable in the gastrointestinal tract, prolonging t1/2 of plasma and liver microsomes and rapidly degrading the active meta-bolites. In the liver microsomal system, a total of 8 metabolites were detected by positive and negative ion mode, including hydrolysis, oxidation, acetylation, and glucuronidation.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the safety and feasibility of laparoscopic treatment for renal carcinoma with Mayo 0-2 level venous thrombosis.@*METHODS@#From January 2015 to February 2018, 58 renal carcinoma cases with venous thrombus underwent laparoscopic radical nephrectomy with inferior vena cava thrombectomy in Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, of which, 51 cases were male, and 7 female, aged 29-82 years. According to the Mayo grade classification, 20 cases were level 0, 20 cases were level 1, and 18 cases were level 2, with left side being 22 cases, and right side 36 cases. The patients except for those complicated with hemorrhagic diseases, cardiac and pulmonary insufficiency, or those who could not tolerate anesthesia and surgical contraindications, underwent the operation after comprehensive examinations.@*RESULTS@#The 58 cases of renal tumor with venous tumor emboli were successfully completed with the surgeries, including 50 cases of totally laparoscopic surgery, 8 cases of laparoscopy surgery from convert to open (among the patients who were converted to open surgery, 7 were complicated with grade 2 tumor thrombus and 1 with grade 1 tumor thrombus). The main reasons for converting to open surgery were huge tumors (the largest of which was about 16 cm in diameter), severe adhesion and difficulty of separation. For different patients, different surgical methods and procedures were adopted according to the tumor direction and the different grade of tumor thrombus. Radical nephrectomy combined with vena cava tumor thrombus removal was performed in 55 cases and segmental resection of vena cava in 3 cases. The operation time was 132-557 min, and blood loss was 20-3 000 mL. Post-operative pathological types: 51 cases were clear cell carcinoma, 5 cases were type 2 of papillary carcinoma, 1 case was squamous cell carcinoma, and 1 case was chromophobe cell tumor. In the study, 47 cases were followed up for 1-36 months, and 4 cases died (the survival time was 5-15 months, with an average of 10.2 months).@*CONCLUSION@#Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy with inferior vena cava thrombectomy is a reasonable choice for renal tumor with Mayo 0-2 level venous thrombosis. For different tumor directions and different grades of tumor thrombus, an appropriate operation plan can give the maxim benefit to the patients with skillful surgeons.
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Carcinoma, Renal Cell , Kidney Neoplasms/complications , Laparoscopy , Nephrectomy/methods , Retrospective Studies , Thrombectomy/methods , Thrombosis/surgery , Vena Cava, InferiorABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the clinicopathological features,treatment and prognosis of patients with papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC) and PRCC-complicated with tumor thrombus.@*METHODS@#Single center retrospective analysis of 75 patients with PRCC treated from January 2012 to October 2017 was performed. There were 55 males and 20 females at an age range of 24-82 years. Sixteen PRCC patients were complicated with tumor thrombus. All the patients were with a surgery and had clear pathological diagnosis and detailed follow-up data. The clinicopathological features, prognosis and influencing factors of the patients with PRCC and PRCC complicated with tumor thrombus were analyzed and summarized.@*RESULTS@#The average age of the 75 patients was(56.05±11.59)years,the average body mass index (BMI) was (26±3) kg/m², and the average tumor maximum diameter was (5.17±3.85) cm. There were significant differences between tumor maximum diameter larger than 7 cm and less than 7 cm (69.6% vs. 94.4%, P<0.001), lymph node metastasis and no lymph node metastasis (<38% vs. 98%, P<0.001), adrenal metastasis and no adrenal metastasis (0% vs. 95.3%, P<0.001), pulmonary metastasis and no pulmonary metastasis (0% vs.90.7%, P<0.001), complicated with and without tumor thrombus (<66.4% vs. 93.5%, P<0.001) on the effect of 3-year survival rate of the PRCC patients. In this study, there were 16 patients with type 2 PRCC complicated with tumor thrombus. There were significant differences in concomitant symptoms (62.5% vs. 22.0%, P=0.005), maximum tumor diameter (68.8% vs.13.3%, P<0.001), adrenal metastasis (18.8% vs. 0.02%, P=0.029), pulmonary metastasis (18.8% vs. 0%, P=0.008), nuclear grade (P<0.001) and pathological type (100% vs. 44.1%, P<0.001) between the PRCC patients with and without tumor thrombus.@*CONCLUSION@#There were significant differences in tumor diameter,lymph node metastasis,adrenal metastasis, pulmonary metastasis,pathological type, nuclear grade and tumor thrombus in the effect of the 3-year survival rate of PRCC patients. PRCC patients with tumor thrombus were more commonly suffered from type 2 PRCC, for whom the tumor diameter was larger,the nuclear grade was higher,and the distance metastasis happened more easily.
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Carcinoma, Renal Cell/pathology , Kidney Neoplasms/pathology , Neoplasm Staging , Prognosis , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
@#Oral lichen planus (OLP), a common and chronic disorder, has no effective treatment or cure because its etiology is complicated and has until now remained unclear. Therefore, effectively controlling the activity of the disease and preventing its recurrence are two primary purposes of clinical treatment for OLP. The available evidence supports the notion that topical steroids are the preferred drug for treating this disease. However, some cases have poor clinical curative responses to steroids or other medicines, mainly because of drug resistance and other factors. Therefore, scholars have explored new drugs and methods with the aim of achieving more effective and safe treatment effects. The current research evidence indicates that glucocorticoid remains the front-line drug for OLP treatment. Topical tacrolimus, pimecrolimus and retinoic acid combined with glucocorticoid can be used as alternative therapies, especially in cases with glucocorticoid drug resistance. The systemic application of glucocorticoid or immunosuppressive agents, such as methotrexate, mycophenolate mofetil, and sulfoxide, should be limited to extensive, refractory cases or those with lesions involving regions outside the oral cavity. Surgery and cryotherapy can be applied in a specific, limited range of lesions. Some previous randomized controlled clinical studies have had limitations, including a small sample size, short treatment and clinical follow-up periods, a lack of reliable questionnaires and differences in evaluation standards. Therefore, future studies should include the following: randomized controlled clinical studies with large sample sizes that offer reliable evidence of a curative effect; assessments of treatment outcomes should be extended as long as possible; the follow-up period should be long enough to assess the recurrence rate; and the methods and standards used to evaluate treatment effects should be standardized.
ABSTRACT
Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), a group of persistent organic pollutants, have been widely detected in environmental media and posed great threat to human health. The researches on environmental pollution and health concern of PFCs are the hotspot areas. Because PFCs contain lots of homologs and isomers which are detected at trace levels (ng/g or μg/L) in environment, advanced and reliable analytical methods for determination of PFCs in environment are urgently needed. At present, studies on analytical methods of trace PFCs in environmental samples have been widely carried out in China and abroad. However, systematic review on the sample pretreatment, analytical method, and matrix effect of PFCs determination in complex environmental matrixes is relatively scarce. Therefore, this paper reviews the pretreatment methods, martix effects, and detection techniques (especailly isomers) of PFCs in environment samples (water, sediment/sluge, soil and plant). We hope that this review may provide valuable reference for the enviromental researches on PFCs.